Know more

‌

About cookies

What is a "cookie"?

A "cookie" is a piece of information, usually small and identified by a name, which may be sent to your browser by a website you are visiting. Your web browser will store it for a period of time, and send it back to the web server each time you log on again.

Different types of cookies are placed on the sites:

  • Cookies strictly necessary for the proper functioning of the site
  • Cookies deposited by third party sites to improve the interactivity of the site, to collect statistics

Learn more about cookies and how they work

The different types of cookies used on this site

Cookies strictly necessary for the site to function

These cookies allow the main services of the site to function optimally. You can technically block them using your browser settings but your experience on the site may be degraded.

Furthermore, you have the possibility of opposing the use of audience measurement tracers strictly necessary for the functioning and current administration of the website in the cookie management window accessible via the link located in the footer of the site.

Technical cookies

Name of the cookie

Purpose

Shelf life

CAS and PHP session cookies

Login credentials, session security

Session

Tarteaucitron

Saving your cookie consent choices

12 months

Audience measurement cookies (AT Internet)

Name of the cookie

Purpose

Shelf life

atid

Trace the visitor's route in order to establish visit statistics.

13 months

atuserid

Store the anonymous ID of the visitor who starts the first time he visits the site

13 months

atidvisitor

Identify the numbers (unique identifiers of a site) seen by the visitor and store the visitor's identifiers.

13 months

About the AT Internet audience measurement tool :

AT Internet's audience measurement tool Analytics is deployed on this site in order to obtain information on visitors' navigation and to improve its use.

The French data protection authority (CNIL) has granted an exemption to AT Internet's Web Analytics cookie. This tool is thus exempt from the collection of the Internet user's consent with regard to the deposit of analytics cookies. However, you can refuse the deposit of these cookies via the cookie management panel.

Good to know:

  • The data collected are not cross-checked with other processing operations
  • The deposited cookie is only used to produce anonymous statistics
  • The cookie does not allow the user's navigation on other sites to be tracked.

Third party cookies to improve the interactivity of the site

This site relies on certain services provided by third parties which allow :

  • to offer interactive content;
  • improve usability and facilitate the sharing of content on social networks;
  • view videos and animated presentations directly on our website;
  • protect form entries from robots;
  • monitor the performance of the site.

These third parties will collect and use your browsing data for their own purposes.

How to accept or reject cookies

When you start browsing an eZpublish site, the appearance of the "cookies" banner allows you to accept or refuse all the cookies we use. This banner will be displayed as long as you have not made a choice, even if you are browsing on another page of the site.

You can change your choices at any time by clicking on the "Cookie Management" link.

You can manage these cookies in your browser. Here are the procedures to follow: Firefox; Chrome; Explorer; Safari; Opera

For more information about the cookies we use, you can contact INRAE's Data Protection Officer by email at cil-dpo@inrae.fr or by post at :

INRAE

24, chemin de Borde Rouge -Auzeville - CS52627 31326 Castanet Tolosan cedex - France

Last update: May 2021

Menu Logo Principal Plant pathology unit - INRA AVIGNON

Pathologie vegetale

Home page Our research MISTRAL Integrated protection Botrytis - Sclerotinia

Zone de texte éditable et éditée et rééditée

Integrated protection

Botrytis cinerea - Sclerotinia sclerotiorum : development of integrated control strategies on protected crops

Nutritional resources have a major effect on all organisms and drive growth, competition and evolution. Plant pathogenic microorganisms are particularly well adapted to exploiting the nutritional resources that plants provide. But the nutritional environment also influences the capacity of plants to realize various metabolic functions that affect their health. Not surprisingly, the impact of mineral nutrition on the susceptibility of plants to certain pathogens has long been described. However, the design of fertilization schemes that promote disease management requires a better comprehension of how nutrition affects plant susceptibility, together with knowledge on how it may influence the efficacy of other control methods. The MISTRAL team developed a strong multidisciplinary cooperation with plant physiologists and agronomists, in close collaboration with technical institutes and experimental stations to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in these phenomena.

These studies converge with our previous studies on the development of control methods (cultural practices, biological control) to protect tomato crops grown under shelters.

Plant nutrition: Impact on disease development and  efficacy of biological control

 Initially developed on the model Botrytis cinerea on tomato, our research is currently deployed on other pathosystems (Sclerotinia and Botrytis on lettuce, Botrytis on strawberry).

One intriguing finding of our studies was that the effect of nitrogen nutrition could be opposite depending on the plant species. For example, high N fertilization levels were associated with reduced susceptibility to B. cinerea (and increased efficacy of biocontrol) for tomato, but they increased susceptibility for lettuce and strawberry. Nitrogen nutrition of the plant was also shown to affect the efficacy of protection provided against B. cinerea by biocontrol agents with contrasted modes of action.

Impact on disease development

B. cinerea on tomato

B. cinerea and S. minor on lettuce

B. cinerea on strawberry

Possible effects of nitrogen nutrition of tomato on the development and control of grey mold caused by Botrytis cinerea

Possible effects of nitrogen nutrition of tomato on the development and control of grey mold caused by Botrytis cinerea

© NICOT Philippe - INRA PACA Avignon

Impact on the efficacy of biological control

biocontrol agents with contrasted modes of action, including competition for space/nutrients, antibiosis and
induced resistancee

  • Abro, M. A. 2013. Nitrogen fertilization of the host plant influences susceptibility, production and aggressiveness of Botrytis cinerea secondary inoculum and on the efficacy of biological control. Thesis, University Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, France).
  • Abro, M. A., Lecompte, F., Bardin, M., Nicot, P. 2014. Nitrogen fertilization impacts biocontrol of tomato gray mold. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 34, 641-648.
  • Abro, M. A., Lecompte, F., Bryone, F., and Nicot, P. 2013. Nitrogen fertilization of the host plant influences production and pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea secondary inoculum. Phytopathology, 103, 261-267.
  • Lecompte, F., Abro, M. A. and Nicot, P.C. 2013. Can plant sugars mediate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on lettuce susceptibility to two necrotrophic pathogens: Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum? Plant and Soil, 369, 387-401.
  • Lecompte, F., Nicot, P. C., Ripoll, J., Abro, M. A., Raimbault, A. K., Lopez-Lauri, F., Bertin, N. 2017. Reduced susceptibility of tomato stem to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea is associated with a specific adjustment of fructose content in the host sugar pool. Annals of Botany, 119, 931-943.
  • Nicot, P. C., Bardin, M., Debruyne, F., Duffaud, M., Lecompte, F., Neu, L., Pascal, M. 2013. Effect of nitrogen fertilisation of strawberry plants on the efficacy of defence-stimulating biocontrol products against Botrytis cinerea. IOBC WPRS Bulletin, 88, 39-42.
  • Ouhibi, C., Attia, H., Nicot, P., Lecompte, F., Vidal, V., Lachaâl, M., Urban, L., Aarrouf, J. 2015. Effects of nitrogen supply and of UV-C irradiation on the susceptibility of Lactuca sativa L to Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia minor. Plant and Soil, 393, 35-46.

Other control methods

UV-C radiation

  • Forges, M., Vàsquez, H., Charles, F., Sari, D. C., Urban, L., Lizzi, Y., Bardin, M., Aarrouf, J.  (2018). Impact of UV-C radiation on the sensitivity of three strawberry plant cultivars (Fragaria x ananassa) against Botrytis cinerea. Scientia Horticulturae, 240, 603-613. DOI : 10.1016/j.scienta.2018.06.063http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/434757
  • Vàsquez, H., Ouhibi, C., Lizzi, Y., Azzouz, N., Forges, M., Bardin, M., Nicot, P.C., Urban, L., Aarrouf, J. (2017). Pre-harvest hormetic doses of UV-C radiation can decrease susceptibility of lettuce leaves (Lactuca sativa L.) to Botrytis cinerea L. Scientia Horticulturae, 222, 32-39. DOI : 10.1016/j.scienta.2017.04.017PANISThttp://prodinra.inra.fr/record/394248

UV-C combined with biocontrol

  • Forges, M., Charles, F., Pascal, M., Aarrouf, J., Bardin, M. (2018). Impact of UV-C radiation combined with biocontrol agents on the susceptibility of strawberry plants to Botrytis cinerea. IOBC WPRS Bulletin, 133, 86-90. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/428035

Impact of the irrigation method on the grey mould epidemiology under unheated tomato  tunnels

  • Aissat, K., Nicot, P.C., Guechi, A., Bardin, M., and Chibane, M. 2008. Grey mould development in greenhouse tomatoes under drip and furrow irrigation. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 28: 403-409.
Stem canker caused by grey mould in greenhouse tomatoes

Stem canker caused by grey mould in

greenhouse tomatoes

© Pathologie végétale INRAE - Avignon

Impact of the deleafing method of tomato plants on the susceptibilty of the stem wounds to B. cinerea

Cut the leaf petioles closed to the stem decrease the risk of infection stems of tomato plants by Botrytis cinerea.

  • Decognet, V., Ravetti, F., Martin, C., and Nicot, P.C. 2010. Improved leaf pruning reduces development of stem cankers caused by grey mould in greenhouse tomatoes. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 30: 465-472.